Learn some major Indian languages (consonants and vowels)

Here is a list of Indian languages:

Hindi, Gujarati, Bengali, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Assamese, Urdu, Sanskrit

The consonants and vowels for each language:

Hindi

In Hindi, the vowels are: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः. The consonants are: क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह.

Gujarati

Gujarati vowels include: અ, આ, ઇ, ઈ, ઉ, ઊ, ઋ, એ, ઐ, ઓ, ઔ, અં, અઃ, while the consonants are: ક, ખ, ગ, ઘ, ઙ, ચ, છ, જ, ઝ, ઞ, ટ, ઠ, ડ, ઢ, ણ, ત, થ, દ, ધ, ન, પ, ફ, બ, ભ, મ, ય, ર, લ, વ, શ, ષ, સ, હ.

Bengali

The vowels in Bengali are: অ, আ, ই, ঈ, উ, ঊ, ঋ, এ, ঐ, ও, ঔ, অং, অঃ, and the consonants are: ক, খ, গ, ঘ, ঙ, চ, ছ, জ, ঝ, ঞ, ট, ঠ, ড, ঢ, ণ, ত, থ, দ, ধ, ন, প, ফ, ব, ভ, ম, য, র, ল, শ, ষ, স, হ.

Marathi

In Marathi, the vowels are: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, and the consonants are: क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह.

Punjabi

Punjabi vowels include: ਅ, ਆ, ਇ, ਈ, ਉ, ਊ, ਏ, ਐ, ਓ, ਔ, while the consonants are: ਕ, ਖ, ਗ, ਘ, ਙ, ਚ, ਛ, ਜ, ਝ, ਞ, ਟ, ਠ, ਡ, ਢ, ਣ, ਤ, ਥ, ਦ, ਧ, ਨ, ਪ, ਫ, ਬ, ਭ, ਮ, ਯ, ਰ, ਲ, ਵ, ਸ਼, ਸ, ਹ.

Tamil

Tamil vowels are: அ, ஆ, இ, ஈ, உ, ஊ, எ, ஏ, ஐ, ஒ, ஓ, ஔ, and the consonants are: க, ச, ட, த, ப, ற, ய, ர, ல, வ, ழ, ள, ன, ண, ம, ந, ங, ஞ, ஸ, ஹ.

Telugu

Telugu has the following vowels: అ, ఆ, ఇ, ఈ, ఉ, ఊ, ఋ, ఎ, ఐ, ఒ, ఓ, ఔ, while the consonants are: క, ఖ, గ, ఘ, ఙ, చ, ఛ, జ, ఝ, ఞ, ట, ఠ, డ, ఢ, ణ, త, థ, ద, ధ, న, ప, ఫ, బ, భ, మ, య, ర, ల, వ, శ, ష, స, హ.

Kannada

In Kannada, the vowels are: ಅ, ಆ, ಇ, ಈ, ಉ, ಊ, ಋ, ಎ, ಐ, ಒ, ಓ, ಔ, and the consonants are: ಕ, ಖ, ಗ, ಘ, ಙ, ಚ, ಛ, ಜ, ಝ, ಞ, ಟ, ಠ, ಡ, ಢ, ಣ, ತ, ಥ, ದ, ಧ, ನ, ಪ, ಫ, ಬ, ಭ, ಮ, ಯ, ರ, ಲ, ವ, ಶ, ಷ, ಸ, ಹ.

Malayalam

The vowels in Malayalam are: അ, ആ, ഇ, ഈ, ഉ, ഊ, ഋ, എ, ഐ, ഒ, ഓ, ഔ, and the consonants are: ക, ഖ, ഗ, ഘ, ങ, ച, ഛ, ജ, ഝ, ഞ, ട, ഠ, ഡ, ഢ, ണ, ത, ഥ, ദ, ധ, ന, പ, ഫ, ബ, ഭ, മ, യ, ര, ല, വ, ശ, ഷ, സ, ഹ.

Odia

In Odia, the vowels are: ଅ, ଆ, ଇ, ଈ, ଉ, ଊ, ଋ, ଏ, ଐ, ଓ, ଔ, and the consonants are: କ, ଖ, ଗ, ଘ, ଙ, ଚ, ଛ, ଜ, ଝ, ଞ, ଟ, ଠ, ଡ, ଢ, ଣ, ତ, ଥ, ଦ, ଧ, ନ, ପ, ଫ, ବ, ଭ, ମ, ଯ, ର, ଲ, ଶ, ଷ, ସ, ହ.

Assamese

Assamese vowels include: অ, আ, ই, ঈ, উ, ঊ, ঋ, এ, ঐ, ও, ঔ, and the consonants are: ক, খ, গ, ঘ, ঙ, চ, ছ, জ, ঝ, ঞ, ট, ঠ, ড, ঢ, ণ, ত, থ, দ, ধ, ন, প, ফ, ব, ভ, ম, য, র, ল, শ, ষ, স, হ.

Urdu

Urdu has the vowels: ا, آ, اِ, ای, اُ, او, and the consonants are: ب, پ, ت, ٹ, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ڈ, ذ, ر, ڑ, ز, ژ, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ک, گ, ل, م, ن, ہ, و, ی.

Sanskrit

In Sanskrit, the vowels are: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, while the consonants are: क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह.

Consonants combined with vowel signs for major Indian languages

Hindi (Devanagari)

• क + Vowels: का, कि, की, कु, कू, कृ, के, कै, को, कौ, कं, कः

Gujarati

• ક + Vowels: કા, કિ, કી, કુ, કૂ, કૃ, કે, કૈ, કો, કૌ, કં, કઃ

Bengali

• ক + Vowels: কা, কি, কী, কু, কূ, কৃ, কে, কৈ, কো, কৌ, কং, কঃ

Marathi (Devanagari)

• क + Vowels: का, कि, की, कु, कू, कृ, के, कै, को, कौ, कं, कः

Punjabi (Gurmukhi)

• ਕ + Vowels: ਕਾ, ਕਿ, ਕੀ, ਕੁ, ਕੂ, ਕੇ, ਕੈ, ਕੋ, ਕੌ

Tamil

• க + Vowels: கா, கி, கீ, கு, கூ, கே, கை, கோ, கௌ

Telugu

• క + Vowels: కా, కి, కీ, కు, కూ, కృ, కె, కై, కో, కౌ

Kannada

• ಕ + Vowels: ಕಾ, ಕಿ, ಕೀ, ಕು, ಕೂ, ಕೃ, ಕೆ, ಕೈ, ಕೋ, ಕೌ

Malayalam

• ക + Vowels: കാ, കി, കീ, കു, കൂ, കൃ, കേ, കൈ, കോ, കൌ

Odia

• କ + Vowels: କା, କି, କୀ, କୁ, କୂ, କୃ, କେ, କୈ, କୋ, କୌ

Assamese

• ক + Vowels: কা, কি, কী, কু, কূ, কৃ, কে, কৈ, কো, কৌ

Urdu

• ب + Vowels: با, بِ, بی, بُ, بو

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

• क + Vowels: का, कि, की, कु, कू, कृ, के, कै, को, कौ, कं, कः

Here is an example of 10 daily useful statements

1. Hindi

1. नमस्ते, आप कैसे हैं? (Namaste, aap kaise hain?) - Hello, how are you?

2. मुझे मदद चाहिए। (Mujhe madad chahiye.) - I need help.

3. यह कितने का है? (Yeh kitne ka hai?) - How much is this?

4. धन्यवाद! (Dhanyavaad!) - Thank you!

5. कृपया, मुझे पानी दो। (Kripya, mujhe paani do.) - Please give me water.

6. मुझे समझ नहीं आ रहा। (Mujhe samajh nahin aa raha.) - I don't understand.

7. क्या समय हो रहा है? (Kya samay ho raha hai?) - What time is it?

8. माफ़ कीजिये। (Maaf kijiye.) - Excuse me.

9. क्या आप अंग्रेज़ी बोलते हैं? (Kya aap Angrezi bolte hain?) - Do you speak English?

10. मुझे घर जाना है। (Mujhe ghar jaana hai.) - I need to go home.

2. Gujarati

1. કેમ છો? (Kem cho?) - How are you?

2. મને મદદ જોઈએ છે। (Mane madad joie chhe.) - I need help.

3. આ કેટલીની છે? (Aa ketli ni chhe?) - How much is this?

4. આભાર! (Aabhar!) - Thank you!

5. કૃપા કરીને પાણી આપો। (Krupa kareene paani aapo.) - Please give me water.

6. મને સમજાતું નથી. (Mane samajatu nathi.) - I don't understand.

7. આજુબાજુ ક્યારે છે? (Aajubaju kyaare chhe?) - What time is it?

8. માફ કરજો. (Maaf karjo.) - Excuse me.

9. શું તમે અંગ્રેજી બોલો છો? (Shu tame Angreji bolo chho?) - Do you speak English?

10. હું ઘરે જવું છે. (Hun ghare javu chhe.) - I need to go home.

3. Bengali

1. আপনি কেমন আছেন? (Apni kemon achen?) - How are you?

2. আমার সাহায্য দরকার। (Amar sahajyo dorkar.) - I need help.

3. এটা কত দাম? (Eta koto dam?) - How much is this?

4. ধন্যবাদ! (Dhonyobaad!) - Thank you!

5. অনুগ্রহ করে আমাকে জল দিন। (Onugroho kore amake jol din.) - Please give me water.

6. আমি বুঝতে পারছি না। (Ami bujhte parchhi na.) - I don't understand.

7. এখন কটা বাজে? (Ekhon kota baje?) - What time is it?

8. দুঃখিত। (Dukhito.) - Excuse me.

9. আপনি কি ইংরেজি বলতে পারেন? (Apni ki Ingreji bolte paren?) - Do you speak English?

10. আমাকে বাড়ি যেতে হবে। (Amake bari jete hobe.) - I need to go home.

4. Marathi

1. तुम्ही कसे आहात? (Tumhi kase aahat?) - How are you?

2. मला मदत हवी आहे. (Mala madat havi aahe.) - I need help.

3. हे कितीला आहे? (He kitila aahe?) - How much is this?

4. धन्यवाद! (Dhanyavaad!) - Thank you!

5. कृपया मला पाणी द्या. (Kripaya mala paani dya.) - Please give me water.

6. मला समजत नाही. (Mala samajat nahi.) - I don't understand.

7. आता किती वाजले? (Ata kiti vajle?) - What time is it?

8. माफ करा. (Maaf kara.) - Excuse me.

9. तुम्ही इंग्रजी बोलता का? (Tumhi Ingraji bolata ka?) - Do you speak English?

10. मला घरी जायचं आहे. (Mala ghari jaayacha aahe.) - I need to go home.

5. Punjabi

1. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਹੋ? (Tusi kive ho?) - How are you?

2. ਮੈਨੂੰ ਮਦਦ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ। (Mainu madad chaahidi hai.) - I need help.

3. ਇਹ ਕਿੰਨੇ ਦਾ ਹੈ? (Eh kinne da hai?) - How much is this?

4. ਧੰਨਵਾਦ! (Dhannavaad!) - Thank you!

5. ਕਿਰਪਾ ਕਰਕੇ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਪਾਣੀ ਦਿਓ। (Kirpa karke mainu paani dio.) - Please give me water.

6. ਮੈਨੂੰ ਸਮਝ ਨਹੀਂ ਆ ਰਿਹਾ। (Mainu samajh nahi aa riha.) - I don't understand.

7. ਕਿਹੜਾ ਵਕਤ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ? (Kehda waqt hoya hai?) - What time is it?

8. ਮਾਫ ਕਰੋ। (Maaf karo.) - Excuse me.

9. ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਹੋ? (Ki tusi Angrezi bolde ho?) - Do you speak English?

10. ਮੈਨੂੰ ਘਰ ਜਾਣਾ ਹੈ। (Mainu ghar jaana hai.) - I need to go home.

6. Tamil

1. நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்? (Neenga eppadi irukkinga?) - How are you?

2. எனக்கு உதவி வேண்டும். (Enakku udhavi venum.) - I need help.

3. இது எவ்வளவு? (Ithu evvalavu?) - How much is this?

4. நன்றி! (Nandri!) - Thank you!

5. தயவு செய்து எனக்கு தண்ணீர் கொடுங்கள். (Thayavu seithu enakku thanneer kodungal.) - Please give me water.

6. எனக்கு புரியவில்லை. (Enakku puriyavillai.) - I don't understand.

7. நேரம் என்ன? (Neram enna?) - What time is it?

8. மன்னிக்கவும். (Mannikkavum.) - Excuse me.

9. நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா? (Neenga angilam pesuringala?) - Do you speak English?

10. எனக்கு வீட்டிற்கு செல்வது வேண்டும். (Enakku veettirku selvadhu venum.) - I need to go home.

7. Telugu

1. మీరు ఎలా ఉన్నారు? (Meeru ela unnaru?) - How are you?

2. నాకు సహాయం కావాలి. (Naaku sahaayam kaavali.) - I need help.

3. ఇది ఎంత? (Idi enta?) - How much is this?

4. ధన్యవాదాలు! (Dhanyavaadaalu!) - Thank you!

5. దయచేసి నాకు నీళ్లు ఇవ్వండి. (Dayachesi naaku neellu ivvandi.) - Please give me water.

6. నాకు అర్థం కాలేదు. (Naaku ardham kaaledu.) - I don't understand.

7. సమయం ఎంత? (Samayam enta?) - What time is it?

8. క్షమించండి. (Kshaminchandi.) - Excuse me.

9. మీరు ఆంగ్లం మాట్లాడుతారా? (Meeru aanglam maataladutara?) - Do you speak English?

10. నేను ఇంటికి వెళ్ళాలి. (Nenu intiki vellali.) - I need to go home.

8. Kannada

1. ನೀವು ಹೇಗಿದ್ದೀರಿ? (Nīvu hēgiddīri?) - How are you?

2. ನನಗೆ ಸಹಾಯ ಬೇಕಾಗಿದೆ. (Nanage sahāya bēkāgide.) - I need help.

3. ಇದು ಎಷ್ಟು? (Idu eshṭu?) - How much is this?

4. ಧನ್ಯವಾದಗಳು! (Dhanyavādagaḷu!) - Thank you!

5. ದಯವಿಟ್ಟು ನನಗೆ ನೀರು ಕೊಡಿ. (Dayavittu nanage nīru kodi.) - Please give me water.

6. ನನಗೆ ಅರ್ಥವಾಗುತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ. (Nanage arthavāguttilla.) - I don't understand.

7. ಈಗ ಎಷ್ಟು ಗಂಟೆ? (Īga eshṭu gaṇṭe?) - What time is it?

8. ಕ್ಷಮಿಸಿ. (Kṣamisi.) - Excuse me.

9. ನೀವು ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಷ್ ಮಾತನಾಡುತ್ತೀರಾ? (Nīvu iṅglīṣ māṭanāḍuttīrā?) - Do you speak English?

10. ನನಗೆ ಮನೆಗೆ ಹೋಗಬೇಕು. (Nanage manege hōgabēku.) - I need to go home.

9. Malayalam

1. നിങ്ങൾ എങ്ങനെയുണ്ട്? (Ningal enganeyundu?) - How are you?

2. എനിക്ക് സഹായം വേണം. (Enikku sahayam venam.) - I need help.

3. ഇത് എത്രയാണ്? (Ithu ethra aannu?) - How much is this?

4. നന്ദി! (Nandi!) - Thank you!

5. ദയവായി എനിക്ക് വെള്ളം തരൂ. (Dayavaayi enikku vellam tharu.) - Please give me water.

6. എനിക്ക് മനസ്സിലാകുന്നില്ല. (Enikku manassilaakunnilla.) - I don't understand.

7. സമയം എത്രയായി? (Samayam ethra aayi?) - What time is it?

8. ക്ഷമിക്കുക. (Kshamikuka.) - Excuse me.

9. നിങ്ങൾ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് സംസാരിക്കുമോ? (Ningal English samsarikkumo?) - Do you speak English?

10. എനിക്ക് വീട്ടിലേക്ക് പോവണം. (Enikku veetilekku povanam.) - I need to go home.

10. Odia

1. ଆପଣ କେମିତି ଅଛନ୍ତି? (Apana kemiti achhanti?) - How are you?

2. ମୋତେ ସହାୟତା ଦରକାର। (Mote sahayata darakar.) - I need help.

3. ଏହା କେତେ ହେବ? (Eha kete heba?) - How much is this?

4. ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ! (Dhanyabad!) - Thank you!

5. ଦୟାକରି ମୋତେ ପାଣି ଦିଅ। (Dayakari mote pani dia.) - Please give me water.

6. ମୋତେ ବୁଝି ପାରୁନି। (Mote bujhi paruni.) - I don't understand.

7. କେତେ ବେଳେ ହେଲା? (Kete bele hella?) - What time is it?

8. କ୍ଷମା କରନ୍ତୁ। (Kshama karantu.) - Excuse me.

9. ଆପଣ ଇଂରାଜୀ କହି ପାରିବେ କି? (Apana Ingraji kahi paribe ki?) - Do you speak English?

10. ମୋତେ ଘରକୁ ଯିବାକୁ ପଡିବ। (Mote gharku jibaku padiba.) - I need to go home.

11. Assamese

1. আপুনি কেনে আছেঁ? (Apuni kene ase?) - How are you?

2. মোক সহায় কৰিব পাৰিব নেকি? (Mok sahay koribo paribo neki?) - I need help.

3. এইটো কিমান পইচা? (Eito kiman poisa?) - How much is this?

4. ধন্যবাদ! (Dhonyobad!) - Thank you!

5. অনুগ্ৰহ কৰি মোক পানী দিয়ক। (Onugroho kori mok pani diyak.) - Please give me water.

6. মোক বুজা নাই। (Mok buja nai.) - I don't understand.

7. এতিয়া কিমান বাজিল? (Etiya kiman bajil?) - What time is it?

8. ক্ষমা কৰক। (Khyoma korok.) - Excuse me.

9. আপুনি ইংৰাজী ক'ব পাৰেনে? (Apuni Ingrazi koba parene?) - Do you speak English?

10. মোক ঘৰলৈ যাব লাগিব। (Mok gharoloi jabo lagibo.) - I need to go home.

12. Urdu

1. آپ کیسے ہیں؟ (Aap kaise hain?) - How are you?

2. مجھے مدد کی ضرورت ہے۔ (Mujhe madad ki zaroorat hai.) - I need help.

3. یہ کتنے کا ہے؟ (Yeh kitne ka hai?) - How much is this?

4. شکریہ! (Shukriya!) - Thank you!

5. براہ کرم، مجھے پانی دیں۔ (Barah-e-karam, mujhe pani dein.) - Please give me water.

6. مجھے سمجھ نہیں آ رہا۔ (Mujhe samajh nahi aa raha.) - I don't understand.

7. کیا وقت ہو رہا ہے؟ (Kya waqt ho raha hai?) - What time is it?

8. معاف کیجئے۔ (Maaf kijiye.) - Excuse me.

9. کیا آپ انگریزی بولتے ہیں؟ (Kya aap Angrezi bolte hain?) - Do you speak English?

10. مجھے گھر جانا ہے۔ (Mujhe ghar jana hai.) - I need to go home.

13. Sanskrit

1. भवतः कथम् अस्ति? (Bhavatah katham asti?) - How are you?

2. मम साहाय्यम् आवश्यकम्। (Mama saahayyam aavashyakm.) - I need help.

3. एतत् कियत् मूल्ये? (Etat kiyat mūlye?) - How much is this?

4. धन्यवादः! (Dhanyavādah!) - Thank you!

5. कृपया, जलं ददातु। (Kripaya, jalam dadatu.) - Please give me water.

6. मम न बोधः। (Mama na bodhah.) - I don't understand.

7. कः समयः? (Kah samayah?) - What time is it?

8. क्षम्यताम्। (Kshamyatām.) - Excuse me.

9. किं भवतः आङ्ग्लं भाषते? (Kim bhavatah aanglam bhashate?) - Do you speak English?

10. मम गृहम् गन्तव्यम्। (Mama gr̥ham gantavyam.) - I need to go home.